Africa



** #|Essential Questions **:

If not everyone agrees with the political change that can cause problems, and if the political change has a #|negative impact that would also cause conflict.
 * ==**__How can political change cause conflict__**==
 * ==__**How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires?**__==

It impacts people, nations, and empires because they all have different view points. It can also reunite people with getting them familiar with there culture.

 * ==__**How can political relationships affect economic relationships?**__==

for example if political relationship with 2 countries are not really good they will most likley not want to do trade ect with them.

 * ==__**What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation?**__==

Culture, common language.

 * ====people living in colony were abused mistreated and even killed====
 * ====most Europeans said they had strong economy====
 * ====African countries had economic difficulties====
 * ====African society's population went down====
 * ====European manufactures wanted access to natural resources====
 * ====Africa accept western ways====
 * ====many Europeans oppressed Africans====
 * ====early 1990s only Nigeria and Ethiopia resisted European colony====

Europeans had stronger economies



 * Questions**
 * where are they going?
 * what does #|uncle sam represent?


 * What do you see?**
 * Rocks
 * people
 * american flag
 * rocks with words on them
 * oppression
 * ignorance
 * vice
 * #|Uncle Sam
 * #|Muslims on one back
 * Africans on other back

The message of the political cartoon shows the struggle Europe had developing Africa compared to Palestine/Israel. It was a very hard struggle for both sides, but they are still #|climbing and overcoming the struggle. The "white men" are carrying the other people, supporting them.



[|Graphic Organizer]

1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “White Man’s Burden”?The white Mans burden  ** The “White Man’s Burden” is that they always have to be the leaders and they have a big role in society. **

2. What #|reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”?  ** From carrying this Burden the “white man” gets praise from his peers. The "White Man" should get something for all he went through for other nations. **

3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it? ** He expected Americans to read the poem,and #|agree with it, **

4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why? ** I Found the last 3 lines most interesting because the first and last line have a rhyme #|pattern.also the lines above it have a rhyme #|pattern but no where else in the poem has a rhyme pattern. **

**Message of the black Mans burden:**The message is that the white man thinks that they are actually helping the #|black man "the inferior" race but they are really not helping them at all they are just making it worse for them.The line "You've sealed the Red Man’s problem, And will take up the Brown,  In vain ye seek to end it," i picked those lines because they make it clear about what the poem is about. its basically saying that the white man dont have the problem the real problem is on the #|black man.

**Document 1**: // " Throughout #|history it has been the #|inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference //// of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered //// that has made it possible for evil to triumph." //** Haille Selassie, Ethiopian emperor, 1892-1975 ** Questions to consider ** : **


 * ** What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does? **
 * The author is against imperialism because he feels like it is bad. Events that caused people to suffer could have made it possible for leaders to #|gain strength and others to suffer.


 * ** Why might the author be making this statement? **
 * The author is making this statement to stand up for all those who were negatively effected during imperialism. And to stand up for what he believes is right.


 * ** How does the quote #|relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain. **
 * This quote relates to the imperialism in Africa because while the Africans were suffering those Europeans who came into Africa were not.

**Document 2**

**"On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime #|minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885)** // Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races... // // I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But inour time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty. //

// I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a #|navy such as ours cannot do withtout safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world. //

The author is Jules Ferry and he was also a 2 time minister of France. His view point is that the high race is more superior to the lower race. The justifications that he uses to support his view point is that the higher race a right because they have a curtain "duty"
 * **Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint?**
 * **What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint?**

The purpose of his speech might be to say openly that the honest truth is that basically white people are more superior than other race because they play a certain role. It tells us that people had different mind sets because now a days people would never think like that and if they did they wouldn't publicly come out with it.
 * **Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech?**
 * **What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?**

**Document 4**: "//**Moshweshewe: Letter ton Sir George Grey, 1858" written by Mark X of Moshweshewe, Chief of the Basutos**//.

[|Letter Mark Up]


 * **Who is the author? Why is he writing the letter? What is the purpose?**
 * Mark X of Moshweshewe. He is writing the letter to put it out what he and his people endured. The purpose is to show what happened so it wont ever be repeated
 * **The letter included the names of several individuals and groups. Who are these individuals and groups? How do they impact the meaning of the letter? (you will have to research names and groups as example Boers, Harry Smith....)**
 * The English Government, they were the whites. The Blacks, The Boers, Sir George Napier,


 * **Do you think the letter was successful in fulfilling its purpose? Why or why not? Use evidence (quotes) from the letter to support your claim.**
 * Yes I do think this letter was successful in fulfilling its purpose

**Document 5**: **Source: Ndansi Kumalo, African veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against British advances in southern Africa, 1896.**

So we surrendered to the White people and were told to go back to our homes and live our usual lives and attend to our crops. We were treated like slaves. They came and were overbearing. We were ordered to carry their clothes and bundles. They harmed our wives and our daughters. How the rebellion started I do not know; there was no organization, it was like a fire that suddenly flames up. I had an old gun. They—the White men—fought us with big guns, machine guns, and rifles. Many of our people were killed in this fight: I saw four of my cousins shot. We made many charges but each time we were defeated. But for the White men’s machine guns, it would have been different.


 * **How were the the people of southern Africa treated by the imperialists?**
 * They were badly treated, they were treated like slaves with no respect. they treated them inhumanely. beat and killed them and harmed there daughters and wives.


 * **Why was the African rebellion unsuccessful?**
 * It was unsuccessful because it was not organized well, and the weapons that the Africans had were not superior to what the white men had.

**Document 6**: **Source: Mojimba, African chief, describing a battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries, as told to a German Catholic missionary in 1907.**

And still those bangs went on; the long sticks spat fire, pieces of iron whistled around us,fell into the water with a hissing sound, and our brothers continued to fall. We ran into our village and they ran after us. We fled into the forest and flung ourselves on the ground. When we returned that evening our eyes beheld fearful things: our brothers, dead, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bodies.You call us wicked men, but you White men are much more wicked! You think because you have guns you can take away our land and our possessions. You have sickness in your heads, for this is not justice


 * **Who is the author of this source? What does it refer to?**
 * The author of this source was Mojimba, African Chief. It is referring to a battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries.


 * **Describe the strength of the sides in this battle using evidence from the text.**
 * The white men side had more strength Because of the type of weapons they had compares to what other side had.


 * **What is the chief's opinion of the British?**
 * His opinion is that they are wicked and that they think that because they have guns they can take away the African peoples land and there possessions.

**Document 7**: **Source: German military officer, account of the 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, German military weekly newspaper, 1906**.

The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man. The medicine guaranteed a good harvest, so that in future people would no more need to perform wage labor for foreigners in order to obtain accustomed luxuries. The medicine would also give invulnerability, acting in such a way that enemy bullets would fall from their targets like raindrops from a greased body. It would strengthen women and children for the flight customary in wartime, with the associated hardships and privations, and protect them from being seized by the victorious attackers, who were accustomed to taking women and children with them as war prizes. The medicine consisted of water, maize, and sorghum grains. The water was applied by pouring it over the head and by drinking.


 * ** What is the message the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans? Give evidence from the document to support your claim **
 * **Why do you think the Africans made such claims?**


 * Document 8:**




 * **Describe the person and objects in this photo.**
 * The person is a white grown man
 * **What is the purpose of the photograph?**
 * I thinks its to represent how nothing was limited, and the white man had no fear
 * **What economic or social implications does this photo indicate about Africa in 1909?**
 * How the "African game trails" are


 * Document 9:**




 * **What European industries benefited from African resources?**
 * **Which European country do you feel had the most valuable colonies? Why?**
 * Congo and west African.
 * **How could this document be used to explain the primary reason for European imperialism in Africa?**
 * they had important resources that benefited everyone
 * they had important resources that benefited everyone


 * Document 10**:

"Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. ..

The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy.

Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . ."

Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962


 * In 1962, what was the response of this West African nationalist to years of colonialism?